{"id":1799,"date":"2016-02-09T11:37:06","date_gmt":"2016-02-09T10:37:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smart--grid.net\/?page_id=1799"},"modified":"2024-04-09T12:30:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T11:30:49","slug":"aide-a-la-decision","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/","title":{"rendered":"Decision support 101"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1799\" class=\"elementor elementor-1799\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc43a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddc43a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d317ac\" data-id=\"9d317ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cad205 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8cad205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/2020\/04\/03\/theories-and-algorithms-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Theories<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-701e15e\" data-id=\"701e15e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e780ac elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0e780ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Home page<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71dd88a\" data-id=\"71dd88a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-281ce31 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"281ce31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_d%C3%A9cision\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ce051d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ce051d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5177961\" data-id=\"5177961\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d510ffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"d510ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">I. Pure decision (decision support)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/aide-a-la-decision\/methode-scientifique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The scientific method<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/mathematical-modeling\/\">Mathematical modeling<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/linear-modeling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linear modeling<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Gittins index\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gittins_index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gittins index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Info-gap decision theory\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Info-gap_decision_theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Info-gap decision theory<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loss_aversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loss aversion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Luce&#039;s choice axiom\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luce%27s_choice_axiom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luce&#039;s choice axiom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mean-preserving spread\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mean-preserving_spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mean-preserving spread<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Dependence menu\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menu_dependence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dependence menu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Pignistic probability\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pignistic_probability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pignistic probability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Randomized decision rule\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Randomised_decision_rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randomized decision rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Recognition primed decision\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recognition_primed_decision\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recognition primed decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Satisficing\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satisficing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satisficing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Scoring rule\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scoring_rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scoring rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Value_of_information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Value of information<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Weighted product model\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weighted_product_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weighted product model<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Weighted sum model\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weighted_sum_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weighted sum model<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2232\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2232\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">II. Collective decision<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2232\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2232\"><ul>\n<li><a title=\"Consensus decision-making\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consensus_decision-making\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consensus decision-making<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condorcet_method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Condorcet method<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Instant-runoff voting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instant-runoff_voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instant-runoff voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Contingent vote\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contingent_vote\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contingent vote<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Single transferable vote\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Single_transferable_vote\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Single transferable vote<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Positional voting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Positional_voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positional voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Borda count\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borda_count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borda count<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Path Voting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Path_Voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Implicit utilitarian voting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Implicit_utilitarian_voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Implicit utilitarian voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weighted_voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weighted voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delphi_method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Delphi method<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dotmocracy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dotmocracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dotmocracy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Analytic hierarchy process\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analytic_hierarchy_process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Analytic hierarchy process<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Hierarchical decision process\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hierarchical_decision_process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hierarchical decision process<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2233\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2233\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">III. Heuristics<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2233\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2233\"><ul>\n<li><a title=\"Satisficing\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satisficing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satisficing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic recognition\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recognition_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic recognition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Take-the-best heuristic\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take-the-best_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take-the-best heuristic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast-and-frugal_trees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fast-and-frugal trees<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic availability\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Availability_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic availability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic representativeness\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Representativeness_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic representativeness<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Base rate fallacy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Base_rate_fallacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Base rate fallacy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Conjunction fallacy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conjunction_fallacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conjunction fallacy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Insensitivity to sample size\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insensitivity_to_sample_size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Insensitivity to sample size<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Anchoring\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchoring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anchoring<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fast-and-frugal trees\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affect_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic affect<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Control heuristic<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Affect (psychology)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contagion_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic contagion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic effort\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effort_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic effort<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Familiarity heuristic\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Familiarity_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Familiarity heuristic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fluency heuristic\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluency_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fluency heuristic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaze_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic gauze<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hot-hand fallacy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot-hand_fallacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hot-hand fallacy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naive_diversification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naive diversification<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Peak \u2013 end rule\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peak%E2%80%93end_rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peak \u2013 end rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recognition_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic recognition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Heuristic scarcity\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scarcity_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic scarcity<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic gauze\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Similarity_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Similarity heuristic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Heuristic simulation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simulation_heuristic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heuristic simulation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Naive diversification\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_proof\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social proof<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Debiasing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Debiasing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2234\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2234\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">IV. Expected utility<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2234\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2234\"><div class=\"mw-category-group\">\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Axiom action\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_axiom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Action axiom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ambiguity aversion\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambiguity_aversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ambiguity aversion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Choquet integral\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Choquet_integral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choquet integral<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Expected utility hypothesis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expected_utility_hypothesis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expected utility hypothesis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Expected value of including uncertainty\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expected_value_of_including_uncertainty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expected value of including uncertainty<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Expected value of sample information\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expected_value_of_sample_information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expected value of sample information<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Generalized expected utility\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Generalized_expected_utility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Generalized expected utility<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Hyperbolic absolute risk aversion\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperbolic_absolute_risk_aversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hyperbolic absolute risk aversion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Multi-attribute utility\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multi-attribute_utility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-attribute utility<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Nonlinear expectation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonlinear_expectation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nonlinear expectation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Pascal&#039;s mugging\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pascal%27s_mugging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pascal&#039;s mugging<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Subjective expected utility\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subjective_expected_utility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Subjective expected utility<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Two-moment decision model\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-moment_decision_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two-moment decision model<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2235\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2235\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">V. Paradoxes in decision support<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2235\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2235\"><div class=\"mw-category-group\">\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Abilene paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abilene_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abilene paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Was going paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allais_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Was going paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Apportionment paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apportionment_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apportionment paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Arrow&#039;s impossibility theorem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrow%27s_impossibility_theorem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arrow&#039;s impossibility theorem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Buridan&#039;s ass\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buridan%27s_ass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buridan&#039;s ass<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chainstore paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chainstore_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chainstore paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Condorcet paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condorcet_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Condorcet paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Decision-making paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decision-making_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Decision-making paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Arrangement effect\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disposition_effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Disposition effect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Ellsberg paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellsberg_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellsberg paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"redirect-in-category\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Exchange paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exchange_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exchange paradox<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fenno&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fenno%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fenno&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fredkin&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fredkin%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fredkin&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Green paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Hard \u2013 easy effect\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard%E2%80%93easy_effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hard \u2013 easy effect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Inventor&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inventor%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inventor&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Kavka&#039;s toxin puzzle\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kavka%27s_toxin_puzzle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kavka&#039;s toxin puzzle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Mandarin paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandarin_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mandarin paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Monty Hall problem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monty_Hall_problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monty Hall problem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Morton&#039;s fork\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morton%27s_fork\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morton&#039;s fork<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Paradox navigation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Navigation_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Navigation paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Necktie paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Necktie_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Necktie paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Newcomb&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newcomb%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newcomb&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Paradox of tolerance\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradox_of_tolerance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paradox of tolerance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Paradox of voting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradox_of_voting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paradox of voting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Parrondo&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parrondo%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parrondo&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Pascal&#039;s mugging\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pascal%27s_mugging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pascal&#039;s mugging<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Prevention paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prevention_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Siegel&#039;s paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siegel%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siegel&#039;s paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"St. Petersburg paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Petersburg_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Petersburg paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Three Prisoners problem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_Prisoners_problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Three Prisoners problem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Two envelopes problem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two_envelopes_problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two envelopes problem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Willpower paradox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willpower_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Willpower paradox<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2236\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2236\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">VI. Decision diagram<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2236\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2236\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arbre_de_d%C3%A9faillances\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Fault trees<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f35903a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f35903a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4beb30e9\" data-id=\"4beb30e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-682ec659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"682ec659\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/#Aide-a-la-decision\" >Help with the decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/#Optimisation-et-aide-a-la-decision\" >Optimization and decision support<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/#Solution-et-aide-a-la-decision\" >Solution and decision support<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aide-a-la-decision\"><\/span>Help with the decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Any industrial problem consists, under certain conditions, of maximizing profit or minimizing expenditure. In this context, profit and expenditure do not always refer to a monetary variable, it can also be expressed by time, distance or others.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Very often, the problem is stated in a crude manner, that is to say by a text or a specification. The manufacturer was not an expert in the field of writing a mathematical problem, the specifications include all kinds of data, useful or not for its modeling.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Even in the context where you yourself are the sponsor, you may not know the extent of your problem, and you discover over the course of the water the various constraints and variables to be faced.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Another problem arises once the <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/help-with-the-decision\/mathematical-modeling\/\">mathematical modeling<\/a> carried out: what computer tool was used to solve this problem? what <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/\">algorithm<\/a> Choose ? his simulation? her <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/complexity-in-time\/\">complexity<\/a> ? its optimality?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Building and solving an industrial problem therefore requires rigor, flexibility of mind and following a precise modeling process.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimisation-et-aide-a-la-decision\"><\/span>Optimization and decision support<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">A problem D is deciding whether the answer is binary: Yes or No. We denote Yes (D) all the instances to which we answer Yes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Consider the following decision problem: let a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/graph-theory-2\/\">graph<\/a> G weighted, is there a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/graph-theory-2\/trees-and-trees\/\">tree<\/a> covering? Yes(D) = {non-cyclic connected subgraph of G}. The problem: existence of a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/graph-theory-2\/covering-trees\/\">tree covering<\/a> of weight \u2264 k is also a decision problem. The optimization problem is to find the value k such that it is minimal.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">In order to better understand the two concepts, we will take an example: You wish to take a tour of Europe, by visiting a certain number of cities within a period of 6 months. In addition, you want to stay a certain period of time in each place in order to be able to visit the tourist areas and admire the landscape.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">This kind of problem has different ways of being modeled depending on what you want to do: be the fastest, favor densely touristy areas, etc. A decision must be selected from among a set of possible decisions so as to optimize the chosen criterion.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Modeling includes a search for minimum or maximum, so it is a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/combinatorial-optimization-2\/\">optimization<\/a>. Decision support problems all contain the following three points:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The type of decision: what we want to do (here we are looking for an optimization)<\/li>\n<li>Possible decisions: what can be done (the <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/linear-programming-2\/lp-solutions-and-realizable-domain\/\">definition field<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>The selection criterion: how one chooses (the modeling of the problem).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The studied problem is placed in a certain context which will be translated into parameters. All the relationships between these are shown in the model. The latter can either take the form of a mathematical model or a graph.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Modeling is only a schematic representation of the problem, only the elements considered relevant are retained in the construction of the decision. It proceeds by simplifications and omissions.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The environment of the model can also play a role. Whether deterministic or with uncertainty, it is present via laws of probability, stochastics, etc. within constraints.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The selection criterion can lead to different solutions depending on the parameter put forward. In some cases, the model presents only one selection criterion, this is called operational research.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">All models consist of three basic components:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Result variables are outputs. The reflect the level of efficiency of the system. They are dependent variables.<\/li>\n<li>Decision variables describe alternative actions.<\/li>\n<li>Uncontrollable variables are factors that affect the outcome but are not under the control of the decision maker. Either these factors are fixed or they may vary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Components are linked together by expressions <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/logic-math-27\/\">math<\/a> in a framework of quantitative models. A principle of choice is a criterion that describes the acceptability of an approach solution.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">A model can be a normative model or a descriptive model. In the first, the solution chosen is clearly the best of all possible alternatives. To find it, we must examine all the alternatives and prove that the one that is selected is indeed the best (we speak of optimization). Descriptive models study alternative actions under different input and process configurations. All the alternatives are not verified, only a given set is.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solution-et-aide-a-la-decision\"><\/span>Solution and decision support<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Once the model has been created and a solution has been found, it is important to analyze it in order to validate the model. The latter was only a schematic representation of the problem, it may not be suitable for the intended purpose. A solution highlights the validity of the decision choices and the choices of the model. Only the decision-maker \/ sponsor can validate the approach taken.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The diagram of the decision support process is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/te-systems-rationalplanninganddecisionmaking.png\" alt=\"optimization decision support\" width=\"739\" height=\"410\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/te-systems-rationalplanninganddecisionmaking.png 739w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/te-systems-rationalplanninganddecisionmaking-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theories Home page Wiki I. Pure decision (decision support) The scientific method Mathematical modeling Linear modeling Gittins index (en) Info-gap decision theory (en) \u2026 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1799","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1799"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20433,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1799\/revisions\/20433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}