{"id":4153,"date":"2016-07-01T15:13:35","date_gmt":"2016-07-01T14:13:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smart--grid.net\/?page_id=4153"},"modified":"2022-12-03T22:59:08","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T21:59:08","slug":"pseudo-langage-et-logigramme","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/","title":{"rendered":"Pseudo-language and flowchart"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4153\" class=\"elementor elementor-4153\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18eea75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18eea75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Pseudo-langage-et-logigramme\" >Pseudo-language and flowchart<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Ecriture-dun-algorithme\" >Writing an algorithm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Ecriture-dun-logigramme\" >Writing a flowchart<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Pseudo-langage-et-logigramme-2\" >Pseudo-language and flowchart<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Test-conditionnel\" >Conditional test:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Transfert-dinformation\" >Information transfer:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Appel-de-sous-programme\" >Subprogram call:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Sequence-lineaire\" >Linear sequence:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#If%E2%80%A6else\" >If ... else:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Boucle-While-le-for-contient-un-traitement-en-aval-et-dans-la-boucle\" >While Loop (the for contains downstream and in-loop processing):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/pseudo-language-and-flowchart\/#Boucle-Do%E2%80%A6-while\" >Do ... while loop:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pseudo-langage-et-logigramme\"><\/span>Pseudo-language and flowchart<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before writing a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithmic\/\">algorithm<\/a> in a programming language, it is first described in a higher level language called the pseudo-language. It is a limited set of instructions to describe how the algorithm works in such a way that anyone can understand how it works. The pseudo-language is usually written in English, but nothing prevents it from being written in another language.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ecriture-dun-algorithme\"><\/span>Writing an algorithm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 5px; background-color: #ffdcd3; border: 2px solid #ff7964; -moz-border-radius: 9px; -khtml-border-radius: 9px; -webkit-border-radius: 9px; border-radius: 9px;\">Any programming language, including pseudo-language, is made up of variables and instructions. Variables store information and describe how to access computer memory. Instructions are used to modify the state of these variables.<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 5px; background-color: #d5edff; border: 2px solid #3c95e8; -moz-border-radius: 9px; -khtml-border-radius: 9px; -webkit-border-radius: 9px; border-radius: 9px;\">An algorithm is therefore composed of a series of instructions which, starting from a description in memory of an unresolved problem, give the modifications of the memory making it possible to arrive at a description in memory of the solved problem.<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For example, if we want to calculate x ^ 2 ^ k. x and k are two variables, the problem is described as soon as we know the two values. The problem is solved by a series of instructions of the power type<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Interactions with the user are also described by the algorithm through input and output instructions. Here the inputs are the values of x and k, the output is the power value.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 3px; border: 2px dotted #a5a5a5; background-color: #f6f9fa;\">\n<p>The algorithm is written as follows: the header (name of the algorithm), the variables (inputs and outputs with the type), the body (the sequence of instructions starting with a Beginning and ending with a &quot; closing of the process \u201dnoted End).<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4174 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/complexity9.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"975\" height=\"441\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/complexity9.png 975w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/complexity9-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/complexity9-768x347.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>It is important to add comments preceded by &quot;\/\/&quot; in order to clarify the intentions of the algorithm. It is possible to use explicit function names such as Enter or Write, existing in most computer languages, when the operation of the latter is known.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Most of the time the body of the algorithm is based on the following diagram: what we ask the user, what we calculate, what we restore<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ecriture-dun-logigramme\"><\/span>Writing a flowchart<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 5px; background-color: #d5edff; border: 2px solid #3c95e8; -moz-border-radius: 9px; -khtml-border-radius: 9px; -webkit-border-radius: 9px; border-radius: 9px;\">The role of a flowchart (or algorigram) is to represent an algorithm in a more functional and easy to read way. The flowchart represents the body of the algorithm using a <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/graph-theory-2\/\">graph<\/a> whose vertices can be of different types, as well as the links. For information, a flowchart is part of the \u201cflowchart\u201d category.<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4188 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/exo3couleur.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"874\" height=\"1014\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/exo3couleur.png 874w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/exo3couleur-259x300.png 259w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/exo3couleur-768x891.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>It is not necessary to note Decision and Calculation, these indications are only present to show the role of the vertices in this flowchart. Here is a sample of the correspondences between pseudo-language and flowchart.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pseudo-langage-et-logigramme-2\"><\/span>Pseudo-language and flowchart<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Test-conditionnel\"><\/span>Conditional test:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4197 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/200px-test_algo.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart conditional test algorithm\" width=\"200\" height=\"134\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transfert-dinformation\"><\/span>Information transfer:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4202 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/200px-transfert.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"200\" height=\"101\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appel-de-sous-programme\"><\/span>Subprogram call:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4205 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/200px-sous_prog.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sequence-lineaire\"><\/span>Linear sequence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4207 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/sequence_lineaire.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"94\" height=\"204\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If%E2%80%A6else\"><\/span>If ... else:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4209 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/alternative.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"211\" height=\"166\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boucle-While-le-for-contient-un-traitement-en-aval-et-dans-la-boucle\"><\/span>While Loop (the for contains downstream and in-loop processing):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4213 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/tant_que_faire.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"215\" height=\"128\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boucle-Do%E2%80%A6-while\"><\/span>Do ... while loop:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4215 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/reperter_jusqua.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"219\" height=\"162\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>More complete list in English:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4223 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart-1024x475.png\" alt=\"pseudo-language pseudo-code flowchart algorithm\" width=\"1024\" height=\"475\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart-1024x475.png 1024w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart-768x357.png 768w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart-1200x557.png 1200w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/designelements-flowchart.png 1411w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Algorithms Home page Wiki Pseudo-language and flowchart Before writing an algorithm in a programming language, it is first described in a language of more \u2026 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