{"id":7135,"date":"2019-09-26T16:20:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T15:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smart--grid.net\/?page_id=7135"},"modified":"2024-02-13T13:54:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T12:54:14","slug":"algorithmes-dessaims","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/","title":{"rendered":"Swarm Algorithms 101"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7135\" class=\"elementor elementor-7135\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d956fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d956fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8195e\" data-id=\"5d8195e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7122153 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7122153\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/2020\/04\/03\/theories-and-algorithms-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Theories<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-03fcff5\" data-id=\"03fcff5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dbf92 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c0dbf92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Home page<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9ffc0\" data-id=\"9d9ffc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4bbfab elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b4bbfab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intelligence_distribu%C3%A9e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68bea6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68bea6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-533f9ee\" data-id=\"533f9ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c19a66d elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"c19a66d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">I. Particle swarms (swarm algorithms)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/particle-swarm\/\">Optimization of particle swarms<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5498113\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimization of repellent particle swarms<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965997813001609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chaotic swarming of particles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5349613\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PSO-Voronoi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0096300313006899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantum-behaved PSO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1202251\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bare-bones PSO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0096300311001160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chaotic PSO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020025510005700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fuzzy PSO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/action\/cookieAbsent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PSOT-VAC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5596501\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Opposition-based PSO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568494609001549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Simplified PSO<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">II. Ant Colony System<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/ant-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Ant System (opening in a new tab)\">Ant system<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/ant-colony\/\">Ant Colony System<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X00000431\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max-Min Ant System<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/epub.wu.ac.at\/616\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rank based ant system<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk\/staff\/p.bentley\/teaching\/L8_reading\/IJ.10-SMC96.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elite ant systems<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1275547\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hyper cube ant colony optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubsonline.informs.org\/action\/cookieAbsent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rough non-deterministic tree search<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.45.5381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multiple ant colony system <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.gla.ac.uk\/3894\/1\/JCST_paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Continuous orthogonal ant colony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6194620\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recursive optimization of ant colonies<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-11289-3_61?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=31cbcab0-78ed-4b7a-818c-cf32beded294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Population-based ACO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305054803003599\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beam-ACO<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">II. Colony of bees and other insects<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/bee-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opening in a new tab)\">Bee algorithm<\/a><\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-642-04225-6_3?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=543630dc-d04d-43bc-ad76-d8a27a389a34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimization of bee colonies<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijicic.org\/isii08-247-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimization of artificial bee colonies<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/3\/759\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heterogeneous Distributed Bees Algorithm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/3-211-27389-1_63?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=b2f4545b-ec99-45ab-be08-6cc6d7a79944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wasps swarm algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965997815000113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ant optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0950705115002580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European corn borer optimization algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/51209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firefly algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1923-y?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=73e27ac5-621e-408a-96d1-7873d6cad82a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monarch butterfly optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2019\/9293617\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dragonfly algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1501606\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glowworm swarm optimization<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">IV. Based on other animals<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965997813001853\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gray Wolves Optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/bacterial-diet-optimization-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opening in a new tab)\">Bacterial feed optimization algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sysengi.com\/EN\/10.12011\/1000-6788(2002)11-32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fish school algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/282822637_Elephant_Herding_Optimization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimization of elephant breeding<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214785317313433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cuckoo Search Optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/255971823_Bat_Algorithm_Literature_Review_and_Applications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bat algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-11857-4_10?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=0247e672-02ac-41df-8c71-2fadb3af1585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chicken coop optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1007570412002171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krill herd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-540-36668-3_94?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=69e677ed-f790-4f0e-805c-1372100dcec0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cat swarm optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00500-013-1069-8?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=ca20af35-09ba-4169-b958-36105b5a3e2e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cooperative Group Optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7321685\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artificial swarm intelligence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X18313530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harris hawks optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877050917329095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Killer Whale Algorithm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00212-x?error=cookies_not_supported&#038;code=3e1af0da-c4ad-4f0e-a747-140db27a766f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emperor Penguins Colony<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">V. Tutorials<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Alternar contenido<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2195db1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2195db1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11f5b3c2\" data-id=\"11f5b3c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f8c0169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f8c0169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/algorithms-desaims\/#Algorithmes-dessaims\" >Swarm algorithms<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Algorithmes-dessaims\"><\/span>Swarm algorithms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Swarm intelligence (swarm algorithms) is the study of computer systems inspired by &quot;collective intelligence&quot;. Collective intelligence emerges thanks to the cooperation of a large number of homogeneous agents in the environment. Examples include schools of fish, flocks of birds, and colonies of ants. This intelligence is decentralized, self-organized and distributed across an environment. In the wild, such systems are commonly used to solve problems such as efficient foraging, evading prey, or moving colonies.<\/p><p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Information is usually stored in all participating homogeneous agents, or is stored or communicated in the environment itself, for example through the use of pheromones in ants, dancing in bees, and proximity in fish and animals. birds.<\/p><p>As a group, simple creatures following simple rules can display a surprising amount of complexity, efficiency, and even creativity. Known as swarm intelligence, this trait is found in nature, but researchers have recently started using it to transform various fields such as robotics, data mining, medicine, and blockchains.<\/p><p>Ants, for example, can only perform a limited range of functions, but an ant colony can build bridges, create food and information highways, wage war, and enslave other ant species. - all of this is beyond the comprehension of a single ant. Likewise, schools of fish, flocks of birds, beehives, and other species exhibit behavior indicative of planning by a higher intelligence that does not actually exist.<\/p><p>This happens through a process called stigmergy. Simply put, a small change by one member of the group causes the other members to behave differently, leading to a new pattern of behavior.<\/p><p>When an ant finds a food source, it marks the way with pheromones. This attracts other ants to this path, leads them to the food source, and prompts them to mark the same path with more pheromones. Over time, the most efficient route will become the highway, because the faster and easier a path, the more ants will reach the food and the more pheromones will be on the path. So, it seems that a smarter being chose the better path, but it came out of the tiny and simple changes made by individuals.<\/p><p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The paradigm consists of two dominant subdomains 1) Ant Colony Optimization which studies probabilistic algorithms inspired by ant stigmergy and foraging behavior, and 2) Particle Swarm Optimization which studies inspired probabilistic algorithms by the herd, schools of fish and breeding. Like evolutionary computing, algorithms or swarm intelligence strategies are considered adaptive strategies and are generally applied to areas of research and optimization.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10095 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/abc-newspaper-article-swarm-intelligent-based-text-mining1.jpg\" alt=\"swarms\" width=\"999\" height=\"687\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/abc-newspaper-article-swarm-intelligent-based-text-mining1.jpg 999w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/abc-newspaper-article-swarm-intelligent-based-text-mining1-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/abc-newspaper-article-swarm-intelligent-based-text-mining1-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theories Wiki Home Page I. Particle Swarms (Swarm Algorithms) Particle Swarm Optimization Repellent Particle Swarm Optimization Chaotic Particle Swarming \u2026 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7135","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7135"}],"version-history":[{"count":54,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20673,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7135\/revisions\/20673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}