{"id":6342,"date":"2018-05-28T10:15:52","date_gmt":"2018-05-28T09:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smart--grid.net\/?page_id=6342"},"modified":"2022-12-03T23:00:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T22:00:29","slug":"types-de-grammaires","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/tipos-de-gramaticas\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de gram\u00e1ticas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6342\" class=\"elementor elementor-6342\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eda172b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eda172b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fab53f4\" data-id=\"fab53f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d70288d elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d70288d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Teor\u00eda del lenguaje<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-989ae5b\" data-id=\"989ae5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1abb58e elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1abb58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Pagina de inicio<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b621b5f\" data-id=\"b621b5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb333a elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2bb333a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grammaire_formelle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f95ec4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f95ec4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bb897d\" data-id=\"8bb897d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c5d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-progress\" data-id=\"19c5d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"progress.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-title\" id=\"elementor-progress-bar-19c5d0d\">\n\t\t\t\tDificultad\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div aria-labelledby=\"elementor-progress-bar-19c5d0d\" class=\"elementor-progress-wrapper\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"80\" aria-valuetext=\"80% (Difficile)\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-progress-bar\" data-max=\"80\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-text\">Duro<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-progress-percentage\">80%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53f7b734 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53f7b734\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7eddd68f\" data-id=\"7eddd68f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1762cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1762cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contenido<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Tabla de contenido alternativo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Palanca<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/tipos-de-gramaticas\/#Grammaires\" >Gram\u00e1ticas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/tipos-de-gramaticas\/#Classification-de-Chomsky\" >Clasificaci\u00f3n de Chomsky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/tipos-de-gramaticas\/#Exemple-1\" >Ejemplo 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/teoria-del-lenguaje\/tipos-de-gramaticas\/#Exemple-2\" >Ejemplo 2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grammaires\"><\/span>Gram\u00e1ticas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Al introducir criterios m\u00e1s o menos restrictivos sobre la forma de las reglas gramaticales, obtenemos clases gramaticales jer\u00e1rquicas (tipos de gram\u00e1ticas), ordenadas por inclusi\u00f3n. La clasificaci\u00f3n de gram\u00e1ticas, definida en 1957 por Noam Chomsky, distingue cuatro clases.<\/p><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification-de-Chomsky\"><\/span>Clasificaci\u00f3n de Chomsky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p><strong>Tipo 0:<\/strong> sin restricci\u00f3n en las reglas.<\/p><p><strong>Tipo 1:<\/strong> Gram\u00e1ticas contextuales o sensibles al contexto. Las reglas de R son de la forma:<\/p><ul><li>uAv \u2192 uwv con A \u2208 N, u, v \u2208 (N \u222a T)<sup>\u2217\u00a0<\/sup>y w \u2208 (N \u222a T)<sup>+<\/sup><\/li><li>En otras palabras, el s\u00edmbolo no terminal A se reemplaza por w si tenemos los contextos u a la izquierda y v a la derecha.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Tipo 2:<\/strong> gram\u00e1ticas libres de contexto. Las reglas de R son de la forma:<\/p><ul><li>A \u2192 w con A \u2208 N y w \u2208 (N \u222a T)<sup>\u2217<\/sup><\/li><li>En otras palabras, el lado izquierdo de cada regla consta de un solo s\u00edmbolo no terminal.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Tipo 3:<\/strong> gram\u00e1ticas regulares<\/p><ul><li>\u00a0a la derecha. Las reglas de R son de la forma<br \/>A \u2192 aB o A \u2192 a con A, B \u2208 N y a \u2208 T<\/li><li>a la izquierda. Las reglas de R son de la forma<br \/>A \u2192 Ba o A \u2192 a con A, B \u2208 N y a \u2208 T<\/li><li>En otras palabras, el lado izquierdo de cada regla consta de un solo s\u00edmbolo no terminal, y el lado derecho consta de un s\u00edmbolo terminal y posiblemente un s\u00edmbolo no terminal. Para las gram\u00e1ticas regulares a la derecha, el s\u00edmbolo no terminal siempre debe estar a la derecha del s\u00edmbolo terminal mientras que para las gram\u00e1ticas regulares a la izquierda debe estar a la izquierda.<\/li><\/ul><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemple-1\"><\/span>Ejemplo 1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Consideramos el lenguaje L de palabras en {0, 1} que representan incluso enteros en base 2 sin signo (todas las palabras de este lenguaje terminan con 0 y no comienzan con 0, excepto el entero cero). Defina formalmente L y construya una gram\u00e1tica regular que describa L.<\/p><p>El idioma tiene la siguiente forma: L = {0, 1u0 \/ u \u2208 {0, 1}<sup>\u2217<\/sup>}<\/p><p>Definimos la gram\u00e1tica regular de la mano derecha G = (T, N, S, R) donde<br \/>T = {0, 1}<br \/>N = {S, U}<br \/>R = {S \u2192 0 | 1U<br \/>U \u2192 1U | 0U | 0}<br \/>as\u00ed como la gram\u00e1tica izquierda regular G = (T, N, S, R) donde<br \/>T = {0, 1}<br \/>N = {S, U}<br \/>R = {S \u2192 0 | U0<br \/>U \u2192 U1 | U0 | 1}<\/p><p>Preferiblemente, siempre tomamos la gram\u00e1tica normal de la mano derecha para el estudio de estados futuros en aut\u00f3matas.<\/p><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemple-2\"><\/span>Ejemplo 2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Aqu\u00ed est\u00e1n las producciones gramaticales: P \u2192 aP, P \u2192 aQ, Q \u2192 bP, Q \u2192 R, R \u2192 bR, R \u2192 cQ, R \u2192 bP, R \u2192 \u03b5. Los no terminales de la gram\u00e1tica son {P, Q, R}, el s\u00edmbolo inicial es P.<\/p><p>Denotando con X<sub>pag<\/sub>, X<sub>q<\/sub>, X<sub>r<\/sub> los lenguajes aceptados de los estados P, Q y R respectivamente, el sistema de ecuaciones para estos lenguajes es:<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6344 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/grammair1.png\" alt=\"gram\u00e1tica\" width=\"534\" height=\"468\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/grammair1.png 534w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/grammair1-300x263.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teor\u00eda de los lenguajes P\u00e1gina de inicio Wiki Dificultad Dif\u00edcil 80% Gram\u00e1ticas Al introducir criterios m\u00e1s o menos restrictivos sobre la forma de las reglas gramaticales, \u2026 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5028,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6342","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6342"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18581,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6342\/revisions\/18581"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6342"}],"curies":[{"name":"gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}