{"id":7727,"date":"2020-03-10T13:38:12","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T12:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/?page_id=7727"},"modified":"2022-12-03T23:03:45","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T22:03:45","slug":"optimisation-des-extremums","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/algoritmos-basados-en-la-fisica\/optimizacion-extrema\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimizaci\u00f3n de extremos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7727\" class=\"elementor elementor-7727\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66ed06a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66ed06a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 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physiques<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5416e0\" data-id=\"f5416e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e84c54 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8e84c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Page d'accueil<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eecf08d\" data-id=\"eecf08d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d318c0d elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d318c0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extremal_optimization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66eb8b26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66eb8b26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43891c68\" data-id=\"43891c68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7af99ef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7af99ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contenus<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/algoritmos-basados-en-la-fisica\/optimizacion-extrema\/#Optimisation-des-extremums\" >Optimisation des extremums<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimisation-des-extremums\"><\/span>Optimisation des extremums<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L&rsquo;optimisation des extremums est inspir\u00e9e du mod\u00e8le de Bak-Sneppen de criticit\u00e9 auto-organis\u00e9 de la co-\u00e9volution du domaine de la physique statistique. Le mod\u00e8le de criticit\u00e9 auto-organis\u00e9 sugg\u00e8re que certains syst\u00e8mes dynamiques ont un point critique en tant qu&rsquo;attracteur, o\u00f9 les syst\u00e8mes pr\u00e9sentent des p\u00e9riodes de mouvement lent ou d&rsquo;accumulation suivies de courtes p\u00e9riodes d&rsquo;avalanche ou d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9. Des exemples de tels syst\u00e8mes comprennent la formation des terres, les tremblements de terre et la dynamique des tas de sable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Le mod\u00e8le de Bak-Sneppen prend en compte ces dynamiques dans les syst\u00e8mes de co-\u00e9volution et dans le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre ponctu\u00e9, qui est d\u00e9crit comme de longues p\u00e9riodes d&rsquo;\u00e9tat suivies de courtes p\u00e9riodes d&rsquo;extinction et de grands changements \u00e9volutifs.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">La dynamique du syst\u00e8me se traduit par l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration constante d&rsquo;une solution candidate avec des plantages soudains et importants de la qualit\u00e9 de la solution candidate. Ces dynamiques permettent deux phases principales d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me: 1) exploiter des solutions de meilleure qualit\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re locale, et 2) \u00e9chapper \u00e0 des optima locaux possibles avec un crash de population et explorer l&rsquo;espace de recherche pour un nouveau domaine de solutions de haute qualit\u00e9 .<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L&rsquo;objectif de la strat\u00e9gie de traitement de l&rsquo;information est d&rsquo;identifier de mani\u00e8re it\u00e9rative les composants les moins performants d&rsquo;une solution donn\u00e9e et de les remplacer ou de les \u00e9changer avec d&rsquo;autres composants. Ceci est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;allocation des co\u00fbts aux composants de la solution en fonction de leur contribution au co\u00fbt global de la solution dans le domaine. Une fois les composants \u00e9valu\u00e9s, ils peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9s et les composants les plus faibles remplac\u00e9s ou remplac\u00e9s par un composant s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 au hasard.<\/p>\n<p>Voici le <a href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/algoritmico\/pseudo-lenguaje-y-diagrama-de-flujo\/\">pseudo-code<\/a> de l&rsquo;optimisation des extremums :<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7724 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/xtropti.png\" alt=\"optimisation des extremums\" width=\"463\" height=\"358\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/xtropti.png 463w, https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/xtropti-300x232.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">La s\u00e9lection d\u00e9terministe du pire composant dans la fonction SelectWeakComponent et le remplacement dans la fonction SelectReplacementComponent est un EO classique. Si ces d\u00e9cisions sont probabilistes en utilisant le param\u00e8tre \u03c4, on parle alors d&rsquo;optimisation \u03c4-Extremal.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L&rsquo;optimisation des extremums a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour les probl\u00e8mes d&rsquo;optimisation combinatoire, bien que des variations aient \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;optimisation continue des fonctions. La s\u00e9lection de la pire composante et de la composante de remplacement \u00e0 chaque it\u00e9ration peut \u00eatre d\u00e9terministe ou probabiliste, cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9tant appel\u00e9e optimisation \u03c4 -extremal ou optimisation des extremums-\u03c4 \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un param\u00e8tre \u03c4. La s\u00e9lection d&rsquo;une fonction de notation appropri\u00e9e des composants d&rsquo;une solution est la partie la plus difficile \u00e0 appliquer \u00e0 la technique. Pour l&rsquo;optimisation \u03c4-Extremal, de faibles valeurs \u03c4 (telles que \u03c4 dans [1.2; 1.6]) se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es efficaces pour le TSP.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Algoritmos f\u00edsicos Inicio Wiki Optimizaci\u00f3n extrema La optimizaci\u00f3n extrema est\u00e1 inspirada en el modelo de Bak-Sneppen de la criticidad autoorganizada de la coevoluci\u00f3n del dominio... <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7121,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7727","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7727"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18880,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7727\/revisions\/18880"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7727"}],"curies":[{"name":"gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}